The OECD Development Co-operation Directorate tracks and measures these flows. The first expert panel of ICRC's Research and Debate Cycle on Principles Guiding Humanitarian Action tackled the topic of the application of the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence in operational environments. IASC nonbinding guidelines on the use of armed escorts for humanitarian convoys: Civil-military guidelines and reference for complex emergencies: Recommended practices for. 5!! IASCEvaluationoftheHumanitarianResponseinSouthCentralSomalia2005 J2010! Acknowledgements The!team!gratefully!acknowledges!all!of!those!whose!help!has!made!this. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. ”Between end of July 2020 and 04 January 2021, more than 101,000 people were displaced by violence from Bullen, Dangur, Dibate, Guba, Mandura and Wombera woredas of Metekel zone in Benishangul. 3 million people projected to be in acute food insecurity (IPC phase 3 or above) between July and. • Responsible Authorities. The latest development in this regard is the 2014 Core Humanitarian Standard (CHS), formulated twenty years after the 1994 Code of Conduct for Disaster Relief. It protects persons who are not, or. The second issue of concern relates to the resort to armed escorts. The guidelines also indicated that when permitted, the use of armed escorts should also respect the principles of humanity, independence, impartiality and. Secretary-General’s Note of Guidance on Integrated Missions B. 6. Chad is an arid, low-income, and land-locked country, exposed to recurrent weather shocks and surrounded by countries in conflict. The armed escorts utilized are capable of providing a credible deterrent to enhance theVIII Establish a Plan for the Discontinuation of Armed Escorts. armed escorts for humanitarian convoys. . It also contributed to increase the protection risks such as gender-based violence (GBV). If the The report further explained that when the military gets involved politically in disaster response, it goes against the humanitarian principle of independence wherein the provision of assistance ought to be autonomous from political, economic, military, or other objectives. 5 million for healthcare, 4. confusion among staff of humanitarian actors and donors is leading to unwarranted limitations, which impede a principled, effective and safe humanitarian response. The two cities, west of the Euphrates River, are under the control of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), a United States-backed Kurdish-led armed group. Manual and Guideline. 2. Download Report (PDF | 42. peacebuilding, armed conflict or even war and occupation, readers will find in the GUIDELINES AND REFERENCE answers to such questions as: Why are principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, independence and distinction so vital to civil-military coordination in humanitarian emergencies? When and how should humanitarian ‘humanitarian’ purposes, have led to an erosion of the separation between the humanitarian and the military space 2, and may threaten to blur the fundamental distinction between these two domains. During his recent visit to Canberra as part of the ICRC’s global cycle on the principles guiding humanitarian action, Vincent sat down with Camilla Burkot to. 1 Humanitarian Principles Impartiality and Humanity: To save lives alleviate suffering and maintain human dignity (in line with the principle of Humanity) and to ensure that assistance goes to those who are most in need wherever they Navigating Access, Proximity, and Humanitarian Principles 32 Humanitarian Notification Systems 34 Armed Escorts 37 Humanitarian Protection 39 V. The guidelines can also assist the humanitarian community to constructively engage and negotiate with State and non-State actors which seek to impose the use of armed escorts. 1 Humanitarian Principles Impartiality and Humanity: To save lives alleviate suffering and maintain human dignity (in line with the principle of Humanity) and to ensure that assistance goes to those who are most in need wherever theyNavigating Access, Proximity, and Humanitarian Principles 32 Humanitarian Notification Systems 34 Armed Escorts 37 Humanitarian Protection 39 V. Since 12 July, only 282,000 liters (12 trucks) have reached Tigray, and none since 16 August. Syria. The humanitarian community calls on all actors in the crisis to put an immediate stop to the violence. INEB sees the principle of humanity as. 14 mins read Analysis / Back to basics: humanitarian principles in contemporary armed conflict / Call for contributions / Humanitarian Action / Law and Conflict Stephen Kilpatrick, Philippe Cholous, LT COL Susan Mwanga & Elizabeth Rushing. The Montreux Humanitarian Retreat section on the theme of ‘Safety and Security in Humanitarian Action’ represents a first step and potentially significant opportunity in this regard. Create a free Academia. Regional authorities and a few partners have mobilized assistance, but only close to urban areas and using armed escorts. implementation of the UN Integrated Assessment and. This can take the form of engineering support, transport or the provision of armed escorts for humanitarian convoys. Email: Victim Services Program in Hope. 0. 4 million people in the north-east states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (BAY states) will need humanitarian aid in 2022, only slightly fewer than a year ago. Digital threats in armed conflicts are likely to increase – against civilians but also against impartial humanitarian organizations. Of these, 2. However, as an organization present and active in conflict for close to 150 years, including in those fought by insurgents, we know that these very principles enable us to reach, assist and seek to protect those caught in armed conflict. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. The use of armed escorts to humanitarian convoys delivering humanitarian assistance potentially increases the targeting of these convoys, yet so far this use has not been examined from the perspective of international humanitarian law (IHL). This blog by Juline Beaujouan discusses these practices, drawing lessons from the Syrian conflict. Responsibility for maintaining law and order. armed escorts for humanitarian convoys. Case Study: The perils of using armed escorts in the Democratic Republic . Preserve humanitarian space. It is not about abusing the law to make a political point. The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights has set up a portal to provide an independent and impartial classification of armed conflicts in the world. , Slim, Humanitarian Ethics: A Guide to the Morality of Aid in War and Disaster; Magone, Neuman, and Weissman, ‘Humanitarian NegotiationsThis principle, which underpins all the other principles, encompasses several ideas: • Suffering is universal and requires a response: it cannot be met with indifference. 14 Sep 2001 Download Report (PDF | 42. The panel discussed the practical relevance of the principles, the. and Humanitarian Response Plans (HRP). Humanitarian aid has long been dominated by a classical, Dunantist paradigm that was based on the ethics of the humanitarian principles and centred on international humanitarian United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations. 13 Author: Guillaume. What is a hypothetical for some is a harsh reality for many: over 50 million people are impacted by urban armed conflict – of which the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine is but another manifestation – and some 1. iii index overview iasc guiding and operating principles on civil-military relationship and use of military assets civil-military relationship in complex emergencies: an iasc reference paper guidelines on the use of military and civil defence assets to support united nations humanitarian activities in complex emergencies - revision 1 use of military or armed. 3 Use of Armed Military Escorts/Protection for Humanitarian Staff and Goods: Position: Humanitarian agencies will only use military armed protection as a last resort in extreme circumstances, according to the criteria listed below. This is the narrative that is spun and reinforced by those who lead the international response in Yemen, both on the humanitarian and. In particular, the use of armed escorts by aid personnel working in the same area can have a negative impact on the ICRC, which is traditionally unarmed, by pinpointing it as a so-called soft target. 5 billion, most of which has been part of the coordinated South Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan (SSHRP). The Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan requests US$764 million to reach 4. 0 International license. The HC is accountable to the Emergency Relief Coordinator. The dissemination of international humanitarian law among armed forces has always been an important part of the ICRC’s work. Guiding principles 2. rendered with a view to alleviating the most damaging consequences that armed conflict may inflict on a civilian population. Discuss the use of armed escorts for humanitarian convoys on a regular basis within the HCT,. All reports by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) All reports by the Inter-Agency. humanitarian assistance, and counter-insurgency campaigns. • Respect for human dignity is paramount in everything the Movement does. The IASC Reference Group on Principled Humanitarian Action (RG PHA) carries forward a number of work streams from the 2014-2015 workplan of the former IASC Task Team on Revitalising Principled Humanitarian Action (TT PHA). 1. This evaluation should be context and location-specific and should also be informed by humanitarian principles. 9 Training and awareness-raising States have an obligation to ensure respect for relevant bodies of law, in particular humanitarian and human rights law, including by raising awareness of and providing training on humanitarian law and principles to their armed forces Facts & figures. Authorities have also required that aid groups use armed escorts, including in areas not impacted by the conflict. In pursuing thatInternational disaster response laws, rules and principles (IDRL) is a new area of focus targeting states and humanitarian agencies operating in disaster areas not subject to IHL. The armed escorts utilized are capable of providing a credible deterrent to enhance theOCHA also ensures there is a framework within which each actor can contribute to the overall response efforts. 5. Humanitarian access is essential to protecting the rights, dignity, and safety of civilians affected by conflict, as established by international humanitarian law. The current crisis has exacerbated existing pressure on the Chadian economy and increased the poverty and vulnerability level from 34. Various analysts have, at the same time, articulated. UN-CMCoord Officer Field Handbook (to be published). A cluster approach may be used in humanitarian emergencies caused by conflicts or caused by natural disasters. 3 million. during and after hostilities in line with the humanitarian principles noted below. Military: Involvement in disaster response should be limited to Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies — Revision 1 Use of Military or Armed Escorts For Humanitarian Convoys: Discussion Paper and Non-Binding Guidelines Annexes and Appendices: Annexes A. proportionality could apply in cases of attack against the escort, and whether the convoy turns into a military objective when escorted. Humanitarian principles undoubtedly do play a role for ECHO partners in Iraq. International Programs. OCHA remains actively engaged with authorities, advocating for alternative measures to armed escorts by humanitarian partners to facilitate safer and more sustainable access. The armed escorts utilized are capable of providing a credible deterrent to enhance the AFP/ Mahmud Hams. OCHA's mission is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors in order to alleviate human suffering in disasters and emergencies; advocate the rights of. The requirement for police escort on road N380 applies to all movements, including commercial and humanitarian. Conclusion. The British army is key for delivering medical supplies, helping evacuation and. Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the Geneva Conventions and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Existing inequalities. Some. The level of humanitarian need is such that the lack ofIt will have consequences, also on security. offer improvements in ambulance placement and armed. Case Study: Institutionalizing UN-Civil-Military coordination in humanitarian . On balance, participation in such exercises is seen as. 1 The U. See Full PDF Download PDF. South Sudan has received significant humanitarian aid from the United States and the international community for decades. (as distinct from natural disaster response guided by standard humanitarian principles) is unclear. Use of Force Protection or Military Escorts As a general rule, humanitarian convoys will not use armed escorts. 1 Humanitarian crises disrupt family and social networks, change the roles played by different genders and break down protection structures. In July, the UN reported that “the Yemen humanitarian response, including for Covid-19, remains hugely underfunded, risking an increase in the spread of Covid-19 and jeopardizing the ability of. Within delegated authority, the Humanitarian Affairs Officer/Civil-Military Coordination will be responsible for the following duties: Adviser on Humanitarian Civil-Military. of the Congo 114 Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination 115. The situation has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a series of practical steps practitioners shall consider if armed escorts should be used, and if so, how. . These also included an edition of the International Review of the Red Cross, a series of practical. armed escorts to humanitarian convoys expressly and specifically, the principle 19 Ibid. j) Ensures appropriate monitoring and reporting mechanisms; provides information and advice on a range of. It is frequently justified and essential to interact and dialogue with military forces, in order to gain access to persons of concern and deliver vital humanitarian assistance. Core Standards. European response to Ebola in 2014, the use of military assets in response to the 2010 Haiti. . On paper, Yemen is a principled humanitarian response, much like any other. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. In the field of humanitarian action, neutrality is an attribute of the ICRC, a duty binding upon the components of the Movement, and a quality of the assistance afforded to the victims of armed conflict. Journal of Strategic Security, Vol. ” The main intended beneficiaries of principled humanitarian action are civilians, as well as (other) people not or no longer participating in hostilities. UNICEF is committed to the following humanitarian principles[4] in its operations: Humanity: Human suffering must be addressed wherever. 7 million people in need of humanitarian assistance (as of 17/05/2023) 20. The end of the 20 year armed conflict. 20 ICRC, Report on the Use of Armed Protection for Humanitarian Assistance, Geneva, 1995. All humanitarian actors have an ethical responsibility to mainstream protection into humanitarian response programs. 2. Through a series of practical steps practitioners shall consider if armed escorts should be used, and if so, how. As a result, this IASC Task Team will contribute to the improvement of humanitarian civil-militaryFor those situations in which recourse to armed escort is the only means of c onducting humanitarian activities and ensuring the delivery of assistance to the victims, the component of the Movement considering the use of an armed escort should ensure before making its decision that the answers to the following questions are in the affirmative. to Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies — Revision 1 Use of Military or Armed Escorts For Humanitarian Convoys: Discussion Paper and Non-Binding Guidelines Annexes and Appendices: Annexes A. Over 30 million people will require assistance in 2022. The team heard all ECHO partners argue that they consider the principles when they set priorities, negotiate access, and decide on the type and level of engagement with armed forces. • Use of Military or Armed Escorts for Humanitarian Convoys –. A new study by the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) underscored the need for principled humanitarian civil-military coordination to avert threats to both humanitarian aid workers and crisis. Chad also ranks in the bottom ten of the Global Hunger Index (118 of 119), the. 2020 using armed. MSF described the practice as ‘militarization’ of the response (Miles, 2019), and the Red. Where armed escorts are used, every effort is made to ensure the maintenance of the. On the brink of famine for the past four years. This review was designed to support and inform that discussion, based on terms of reference elaborated by the Montreux conveners’ group. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. Keywords: international humanitarian law, humanitarian aid, humanitarian access, armed escorts, reliefA series of humanitarian reforms that start with GA 46/191, lead to changes to the structure of the international humanitarian system and how its constituent parts are organized and coordinated. humanitarian character, the movement of IDPs under the auspices of the military/armed elements contravenes the principles of neutrality, distinction, and precaution. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. 012 billion) was secured. . A minimum of 200,000 liters of fuel is required for humanitarian response every week. Armed escort is accepted only when the humanitarian organization is sure that they are at risk assessing the field and time lines can not be changed to carry out the activities. The use of armed escorts for humanitarian convoys can have significant short and long term counter-productive implications for humanitarian actors, their respective organisations and associated. For understandable reasons, individuals and organizations involved in humanitarian work have been reluctant to discuss the problem of protection. The current crisis has exacerbated existing pressure on the Chadian economy and increased the poverty and vulnerability level from 34. In natural, technological and industrial disasters, governments may use national and externalThe use of armed escorts to humanitarian convoys delivering humanitarian assistance potentially increases the targeting of these convoys, yet so far this use has not been examined from the perspective of international humanitarian law (IHL). Every individual has personal biases and can be subjected to different kinds of pressure. Since 2011, total humanitarian funding surpassed $9. • Humanitarian personnel and cargo traveling by road from Maiduguri require an armed escort. The panel discussed the practical relevance of the principles, the. These principles, derived from international humanitarian law, have been taken up by the United Nations in General Assembly Resolutions 46/182 and 58/114. It puts humanitarian organisations under pressure, and effectively holds civilian populations to ransom. Guiding principles 2. Traditionally, humanitarian organisations are quite rightly reluctant to use such methods. and promote humanitarian principles, avoid competition, minimise inconsistency and, when appropriate, pursue common goals. 8 million people were in need of food and. Contribute today!. 15 ANNEXES A. humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles. Despite having a history linked to colonialism and religious missionary work, humanitarian organizations today are governed by strict procedures and protocols. UN-CMCoord Officer Field Handbook (to be. Highlighting some pressing concerns, he said the politicization and manipulation of humanitarian aid by States and non-State armed groups puts humanitarian organizations under pressure and holds civilian populations for ransom. 7 million people in need. Although militaries can never be classified as a humanitarian actor, they can still act in a principled manner, and international humanitarian law (IHL) demands they do so, but a distinction between the “humanitarian response” and a military response to a humanitarian crisis or disaster is a fundamental theme. ). 1. Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies - What Role for the Military. C. Quarantine and Migration Health Program. OCHA also ensures there is a framework within which each actor can contribute to the overall response efforts. The Discussion Paper and Non-Binding Guidelines on the “Use of Military or Armed Escorts for. CMR guiding documents should be reviewed onresponders operated in a context shaped by decades of conflict in which a multiplicity of armed groups were still active. IASC non-binding guidelines on the use of armed escorts for humanitarian convoys: These guidelines are intended to assist humanitarian actors to consider the implications. ; Form and maintain appropriate relations between. O. While in previous decades alternative paradigms and humanitarianisms evolved, this. The humanitarian response to the diverse needs of victims remains insufficient. 78 KB) This document offers non-binding guidelines regarding the use of military and armed escorts for humanitarian convoys. The findings are particularly relevant to. State authorities or local non-State actors are unable or unwilling to permit the movement of humanitarian supplies or personnel without the use of armed escorts. Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs According to the 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO), 2. Armed response during the course of delivering basic functions: a. Finally, the IASC Non-Binding Guidelines on the Use of Armed Escorts for Humanitarian Convoys, although not explicitly covering humanitarian evacuations, provide a relevant methodology for analysis and decision-making.